摘 要 ································································································ I ABSTRACT ······················································································· II 第一章 绪论 ······················································································ 1 1.1 课题研究背景及意义 ···································································· 1 1.1.1 研究背景·············································································· 1 1.1.2 课题意义·············································································· 2 1.2 锂离子电池均衡系统研究现状 ························································ 3 1.2.1 锂离子电池不一致性分析 ························································· 3 1.2.2 锂离子电池均衡系统的拓扑分析 ················································ 5 1.3 论文的研究内容与体系框架 ·························································· 10 1.3.1 研究内容············································································· 10 1.3.2 体系框架············································································· 11 第二章 均衡系统拓扑结构 ··································································· 12 2.1 均衡系统介绍 ··········································································· 12 2.1.1 锂离子电池组不均衡状态分析 ················································· 12 2.1.2 基于双向反激直流变换器的均衡拓扑分析 ·································· 14 2.1.3 均衡系统工作原理 ································································ 16 2.2 反激直流变换器 ········································································ 17 2.2.1 直流变换器介绍 ··································································· 17 2.2.2 基础原理 ············································································ 18 2.2.3 电路理论分析 ······································································ 19 2.3 双向反激直流变换器 ·································································· 24 2.3.1 基础原理 ············································································ 24 2.3.2 电路特点及均衡系统应用 ······················································· 24 2.4 小结 ······················································································· 25 第三章 均衡系统模块设计 ········································································· 26 3.1 隔离变压器设计 ········································································ 26 3.1.1 工作模式选择 ······································································ 26

  作为制约新能源汽车产业高质量发展的主要技术瓶颈，动力电池技术除 了电池本身的性能缺陷外，电池的管理技术也非常大程度上阻碍了产业 的发展。作为关键技术之一的电池均衡管理技术，能够最终靠有效的均 衡策略来管理电池组在使用的过程中也许会出现的不均衡现象，保持电池 组单体的一致性，使电池组的总体性能达到最优，延长常规使用的寿命。 使用的过程中电池组个别易老化单体的过充电、过放电现象是造成 电池组不均衡的最主要诱因，过充电、过放电会加速这部分单体的老 化和容量衰减，造成电池组严重的不均衡，使电池组的可用容量减少、 性能直线下降。 于是本文针对这部分易老化，易发生过充电、过放电现象的单体 有目的性的进行均衡管理，而不是盲目的简单的全盘均衡。那么如果 在电池成组之始，就有明确的目的性的对易老化单体进行能量均衡，这样可 以大幅度减少这些单体的过充电、过放电的发生，有利于保护单体，同 样可以维持电池组的均衡性，增加电池组可用容量，而且均衡效率相 比较全盘均衡方案也会大幅度的提升。 综上所述，本文提出了一种创新性的均衡方案，基于双向反激直 流变换器拓扑的均衡系统，完成对多节串联锂离子电池组模块在放电 过程、静置过程及充电过程中的能量均衡仿真，仿真结果验证了该均 衡系统用于典型不均衡状态串联锂离子电池组的能量均衡管理的可行 性，同时实现了对多节串联锂离子电池组模块在放电过程、静置过程 及充电过程中的有效能量均衡的设计的基本要求。 关键词：新能源汽车，锂离子电池，电池均衡，双向反激直流变换器， 仿真研究

  武笛 1090209428 殷承良 研究员 吴红杰 助理研究员 车辆工程 机械与动力工程学院 2012 年 2 月 上海交通大学